Special Edition

Part I — An energy shock – The global economy put to the test by geopolitics

07/02/2026

Following the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, the conflict in the Middle East confirms that the global economy has entered an era of repeated supply shocks. Faced with the risk of shortages and the resurgence of inflationary pressures, the resilience of advanced and emerging economies is being tested. Central banks are more vigilant. However, the crisis could also lead to certain structural transformations that the global economy – and Europe in particular – needs.

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Definition :

Currency depreciation: A fall in the value of a currency relative to others. This fall may be linked, in particular, to a deterioration in a country’s trade balance (a fall in exports or a rise in imports), a monetary policy decision (a change in interest rates) or movements in the financial markets (speculation, asset sales).

Industrial inputs: Refers to all the elements that go into a production process.

Price-wage spiral: A macroeconomic cycle in which wage and price increases feed into one another, driving both upwards.

Stagflation : An economy suffering simultaneously from high inflation and low, or even zero, growth.

THE ECONOMISTS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THIS ARTICLE

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