The Moroccan economy has held up well against the consecutive shocks of recent years. The GDP losses resulting from the Covid crisis were quickly recovered and the 2023 inflationary shock has passed. With inflation dipping below 1% since the beginning of the year, compared to its peak of 10% at the start of 2023, it is no longer a source of major concern. In June, the Bank of Morocco decided to ease its monetary policy. The solid external accounts and the ongoing consolidation of public finances have also reassured the monetary authorities in their decision-making.
In Morocco, the latest GDP growth and inflation figures were better than expected, but the latest drought in the country undermines its economic recovery. Regional instability is another real risk to bear in mind. However, the country's adequate economic policy management and solid fundamentals remain supportive factors of macroeconomic stability.
The Moroccan economy will continue to experience significant external and budgetary imbalances despite the drop in global commodity prices. However, the country's macroeconomic stability is not under threat. Forex reserves are comfortable and the structure of public debt is favourable. Moreover, the economy should benefit from a rebound in agricultural production after a historic fall in 2022. However, the authorities still have a complex task to accomplish in an international climate that remains very unstable. Indeed, they must maintain a prudent economic policy, but they also might need to shore up economic activity once again. A pronounced growth slowdown in GDP excluding agriculture is expected.
Morocco’s heavy dependency on oil and wheat imports mean that it will suffer consequences from the conflict in Ukraine. However, it will be able to absorb the trade shock thanks to comfortable FX reserves. Moreover, the rise in energy and food subsidies does not compromise the expansionary fiscal policy, and the central bank plans to maintain its accommodative stance despite strong but still under control inflationary pressure. Government support remains crucial at a time when the economy is facing a significant drop in agricultural output, and therefore real GDP growth. In the short term, state solvency and external liquidity are not at risk. However, there is a high level of uncertainty about how large the shock will be and how long it will last.
Unlike many central banks around the world, the Moroccan monetary authorities decided to maintain their key rate unchanged at 1.5%. Although inflation is accelerating, the surge is recent and relatively mild. In 2021, consumer prices rose at an average annual rate of only 1.4%. In February 2022, they were up 3.6% y/y and the situation will only get worse given the pressures on global commodity markets and the drop-off in national agricultural production. Three quarters of the acceleration in inflation in recent months reflects higher prices for food (+5.5% in February 2022) and transport (+6%), essentially due to external factors. Excluding these two categories, the growth in prices was less than 2%. Domestic pressures are mild
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the Moroccan economy. After an unprecedented 6.3% decline in GDP in 2020, the first signs of a recovery are still fragile, even though vaccination campaigns are progressing in both Morocco and Europe, by far the country’s biggest trading partner. This is mainly due to the sluggishness of the tourism industry. It is thus vital that the authorities continue to provide support this year. Despite the rise in public debt, fiscal consolidation is unlikely to start before 2022. The rating agencies S&P and Fitch have downgraded the country to speculative grade. For the moment, however, macroeconomic stability is not a major source of concern. But tight fiscal manoeuvring room could become problematic in years to come
Despite rapid support measures, the economy will not escape a severe recession this year. With the abrupt halting of tourism activity, the drop-off in exports to Europe and the collapse of domestic demand in Q2, GDP will contract by about 6%. Although there are high hopes that a good agricultural harvest will fuel a rebound in 2021, the recovery of non-agricultural activities will take time. In contrast, Morocco’s macroeconomic stability does not seem to be threatened. But growing pressure on public finances leaves the authorities very little manoeuvring room.
The Moroccan economy will see significant consequences from the coronavirus pandemic. Tourism has been at a standstill since March and will remain so until May at the earliest. The automotive sector and remittances from the Moroccan diaspora will also be hit by the crisis in Europe. However, and provided that the situation improves in the second half of the year, Morocco should be able to avoid recession. Macroeconomic fundamentals are solid and the country will benefit from a substantial fall in oil imports. Moreover, the authorities have reacted swiftly to dampen the shock.
Tourism is the main transmission channel of the Covid-19 pandemic to the Moroccan economy. Activity has been at a standstill since March and will remain so until May, at least. The losses will be significant in a sector that contributes to more than 8% of GDP, which is the highest level in the region. On a more positive note, two-thirds of the tourist season comes from June onwards, which might coincide with the easing of restrictions on travel in some countries even if the recovery of the activity would be gradual. The slump in tourism activity will weigh on growth and external accounts. The sector accounts for 15% of current account receipts. However, external stability does not look under threat. Forex reserves are comfortable and external debt is moderate
Morocco is a medium-sized economy with strong growth potential. Macroeconomic fundamentals are sound, the banking sector is strong and sophisticated, and structural reforms have been implemented. Nevertheless the economy has been hit hard by external shocks (Covid, collapse of tourism activity, contraction of demand from European countries). The fact that the country has been able to increasingly capitalise on its strategic location to become an industrial hub between Europe and Africa is also encouraging. Morocco is now the first car manufacturer in Africa. Agriculture remains also highly significant to the economy, resulting in considerable volatility in economic growth.
